Jet fuel needs to meet strict standards before it’s used. One of the most critical is that it remains free of water. When fuel becomes contaminated, it can no longer be trusted to perform safely. The presence of water often leads to system damage, and in the worst cases, engine failure.
How Water Gets Into Jet Fuel
Contamination can happen at several points. It may form inside tanks when temperatures shift and condensation builds up. It can also enter during fuel transfers, especially if equipment isn’t sealed correctly or if hoses and valves are exposed to humid air.
Once the water is in the fuel, it doesn’t stay still. It moves through the system, collecting at low points or binding to surfaces where it causes problems over time.
What Happens When It Isn’t Removed
Fuel systems aren’t designed to handle moisture. When water is present, it can rust internal components. It may also allow microorganisms to grow, which creates sludge that clogs lines and filters. In colder altitudes, the water can freeze and stop fuel from reaching the engine.
Each of these problems starts small but grows quickly. If left unaddressed, they lead to performance loss, equipment damage, and increased risk to flight safety.
Water Removal Methods
There are several ways to remove water, each suited for different setups and contamination levels.
Coalescers
These filters capture small droplets and force them to combine. As the droplets grow, they separate from the fuel and settle in a drain zone. This method is fast and works well in systems that move a lot of fuel.
Centrifugal Separators
Fuel enters a chamber where it’s spun rapidly. The spinning forces the denser water away from the fuel. The water collects in a separate compartment and is removed from the system.
Desiccant Dryers
These use moisture-absorbing material to dry the fuel as it passes through. The process is simple and doesn’t require pressure or power. It’s often used when storage tanks need to stay dry over time.
Chemical Additives
Sometimes it’s not possible to remove water fully. In these cases, additives help manage it. Some prevent freezing. Others help water move safely through the system without sticking to surfaces.
Why This Matters
Clean fuel doesn’t just keep systems running. It also protects the people who rely on them. Whether it’s a commercial flight or a backup generator at a critical facility, water in fuel is a threat that needs to be dealt with quickly and consistently.
If ignored, small issues turn into equipment failure. That failure happens when it’s least expected—usually when fuel is needed most.
